Lord Velan emanated from a fire. He is immaculate in character, with no blemishes or undue hatred towards anyone. He bestows boons upon devotees and fulfills their prayers.

Anupallavi

He resides on hilltops. His appearance is dazzling like the sun, free of imperfections. The same Lord also dwells in the hearts of his devotees.

Charanam

He developed uncontrollable hiccoughs when he was mesmerized by the beauty of the tribal girl Valli. He stumbled and fell while staring at her. He is different in the company of this earthling. He starts stuttering the moment he sees her and his words fall like rain. Then in her embrace he pretends as though he is the son of Anandabhiravi (Maheswari) giving the impression that he belongs to a prestigious family.

Author’s Note

This piece from the poet’s imagination includes a charanam from the perspective of a damsel on earth longing to be with Lord Muruga. For details on Muruga’s loving encounter with Valli, see:

Murugan and Valli Romance

ஶ்ரீகந்த புராணம், முதற் பாகம், ஆறாம் பதிப்பு: ஏப்ரல் 1990, பதிப்பாசிரியர்: அரு. ராமநாதன், பிரேமா பிரசுரம், 35 ஆற்காடு ரோடு, கோடம்பாக்கம், சென்னை 600024, வள்ளி மீது வேலன் காதல், பக்கம்

430 – 439

thaNmaiyin thanitthanmai

தண்மையின் தனித்தன்மை

Ragam: Dharmavathi Talam: Adi

Pallavi

தண்மையின் தனித்தன்மை தணிகையுறை குமரனே

thaNmaiyin thanitthanmai thaNigaiyuRai kumaranE

தண்மதியணி தயாபரன் தனயனே

thaNmadhiyaNi dhayAparan thanayanE

Anupallavi

தணலிடைப் பிறந்து தண்ணீரில் திளைத்து

thaNalidaip piRandhu thaNNIril thiLaitthu

தண்டமிழ்ப் ப

ா சுவைத்து தமியோர்க்கருளும்

thaNdamizhp pA suvaitthu thamiyOrkkaruLum

Charanam

தன் நாவே புரளாது தவித்திட்ட தவபாலர்க்கும்

than nAvE puraLAdhu thavitthitta thavabAlarkkum

தன் மதியிழந்து தாரணியில் சீரிழந்து விதியென

than madhiyizhandhu dhAraniyil sIrizhandhu vidhiyena

தன்னுயிரை மாய்த்திடவே முயன்றதோர் அன்பர்க்கும்

thannuyirai mAytthidavE muyandRadhOr anbarkkum

தன்னேரிலா தலைவனாய் தருணத்தே வந்து காத்த

thannErilA thalaivanAy tharuNatthE vandhu kAttha

Translation

Pallavi

The Lord who dwells in the Thanigai hills is the embodiment of coolness. He is the son of Lord Siva, the merciful one who wears the cool moon.

Anupallavi

Lord Muruga was born from a flame and placed in the cool water of Saravana pond. He relishes every bit of sweet Tamil poetry. He showers blessings on the desolate masses.

Charanam

Lord Muruga came at the appropriate moment when a child lost motor function in his tongue and could not speak. The Lord helped another devotee who, after losing his reputation due to youthful bad acts, had decided to end his own life. Lord Muruga protected both of these devotees and uplifted them. He is an incomparable savior and protector.

Author’s Note

Lord Muruga rested in Thiruttani to calm himself after the killing of the demon Soorapadman. The Tamil word Thanigai implies cooling, which is why the shrine city is referred to as ThiruththaNigai. Any person coming to the shrine to see the Lord will get immense peace and joy. Rama, after killing Ravana, was advised by Siva to visit this shrine, which is how Rama obtained peace. The charanam in this song refers to the stories of two great saints.

Line 1

Kumaraguruparar did not utter a word until age five. Later, he obtained the blessings of Lord Muruga in Tiruchendur, and spontaneously came up with the divine Saivite chant of Kandar Kali Venba.

Kumaraguruparar Story

Lines 2, 3

Arunagirinathar lost all his wealth and his reputation because of youthful bad acts. Lord Muruga of Thiruvannamalai saved him and blessed him to compose the Thiruppugazh. Saint Arunagirinathar’s Tiruppugazh is considered a medieval literary treasure. Even though the two incidents cited in the charanam may have been in different abodes, I have taken the liberty of highlighting the Lord residing in Thiruththanigai in both instances. The Lord is omniscient and the song reflects this theme.

Arunagirinathar’s Life

Thiruttani Temple and Legends

ARupadai vIdedhaRku

ஆறுபடை வீடெதற்கு

Ragam: Ragamalika

Pallavi

ஆறு படை வீடெதற்கு ஆறுமுகமெதற்கு

ARupadai vIdedhaRku ARumugamedhaRku

ஆறு எழுத்து மந்திரந்தான் எதற்கு

Aru ezhutthu mandhiranthAn edhaRku

Anupallavi

கூறுமென் குறை கேட்டு தீருமுன் கலியென்று

kURumen kuRai kEttu thIrumun kaliyendRu

ஆறுதல் சொன்னவன் மாறுதல் மதியோ

ARudhal sonnavan mARudhal madhiyO

Charanam

சேறான வாழ்வுதனில் சோராத நினைவினிலே

sERAna vAzhvudhanil sOrAdha ninaivinilE

நேராக நடந்தாலும் மாறாத வினைப்பயனாய்

nErAga nadandhAlum mARAdha vinaippayanAy

தேராத நட்பினால் தீராத துயர் அடைந்தேன்

thErAdha natpinAl thIrAdha thuyar adaindhEn

ஏறாத மலையில்லை வாராததேனோ வடிவேலா

ERAdha malaiyillai vArAdhadhEnO vadivElA

Translation

Pallavi

Why do you need six dwelling places, Muruga? Why do you need six faces? Why do you need a divine chant with six syllables?

Anupallavi

You listened to my numerous entreaties about my predicament. You offered consolation that all my suffering will come to an end soon. Is it wise for you to change your mind now?

Charanam

I walk without fatigue, thinking of you constantly in this muddied life. However, I suffer without an end in sight because of bad relationships, bound by my unalterable destiny. I have climbed every hill in search of you. Oh Lord Vadivela, why have you not come to my aid?

Author’s Note

The six abodes of Muruga, referred to as ஆறுபடை வீடுகள் (ARupadai vIdugaL), are located on hilltops in the following places: Tiruparangkundram, Tiruchendur, Pazhani, Swamimalai, Tiruththani, and Pazhamudhircholai.

More details regarding these sacred shrines can be found in:

Arupadai Vidugal

Lord Muruga is worshipped with the six syllable mantra Sa - Ra -Va - Na - Bha -Va (Saravanabhava). Each syllable has its own significance in relation to the Lord's grace in one’s life. There are different versions of the mantra’s meanings.

For a description, see:

Meaning of Saravanabhava

thEnum thinaiyum edhaRku

தேனும் தினையும் எதற்கு

04 thenum thinaiyum.mp3

Ragam: Surya Talam: Adi

Pallavi

தேனும் தினையும் எதற்கு முருகா நீ

thEnum thinaiyum edhaRku murugA nI

அருகினில் இருக்கையிலே எனக்கு

aruginil irukkaiyilE enakku

Anupallavi

பழனியிலே அனல் பிழம்பாக நின்றாய்

pazhaniyilE anal pizhambAga nindRAy

கோபத்திலும் குறுநகை கண்டேனப்பா குமரா

kObatthilum kuRunagai kandEnappA kumarA

Charanam 1

கயிலையர் நெற்றிக் கனலினின்று உருவானாய்

kayilaiyar netRik kanalinindRu uruvAnAy

சரவணப் பொய்கையில் நீராடி குளிர்ந்தாய்

saravaNap poigaiyil nIrAdi kuLirndhAy

கார்த்திகைப் பெண்டிரின் பால் பருகி வளர்ந்தாய்

kArtthigaip peNdirin pAl parugi vaLarndhAy

உமையவள் தன் திருவினில் உதைத்து மகிழ்ந்தாய்

umaiyavaL than thiruvinil udhaitthu magizhndhAy

Charanam 2

வள்ளிக் குறத்தியுடன் எள்ளி நகையாடி

vaLLik kuRatthiyudan eLLi nagaiyAdi

கள்ளத்தனமாய்க் காதல் புரிந்தே கரம் பிடித்தாய்

kaLLatthanamAyk kAdhal purindhE karam piditthAy

மங்கையருடன் நீ நின்ற கோலம் மால் மருகா

mangaiyarudan nI nindRa kOlam mAl marugA

மறு பிறவியிலும் மறவா வரம் அருள வேண்டும்

maRu piRaviyilum maRavA varam aruLa vEndum

Translation

Pallavi

Why would anyone need honey and millet for sustenance, when you, the compassionate Lord Muruga, are standing close by?

Anupallavi

You stood angry on the hills of Pazhani, having lost a race to your brother Ganapathy. You watched as he won a fruit as his prize. Still, I could see a glimpse of a smile on your face.

Charanam 1

You originated from a spark that came from Lord Siva’s forehead. You cooled yourself down by swimming in the Saravana pond. You grew up drinking milk from the Karthigai damsels, playfully kicking on the lap of Goddess Uma.

Charanam 2

Indulging in playful games with the tribal girl Valli, you romanced and then married her. Lord Vishnu’s nephew, please bless me to always remember your divine form. I want to remember you, flanked by your consorts Valli and Davayanai, even in my next birth.

Author’s Note

The first charanam describes how Lord Muruga was birthed from the sparks of Siva’s third eye, and subsequently dropped into Saravana pond. Later, the six babies that were born in the pond were brought up by the Krithiga girls. Goddess Parvathi rushed to the pond, hugged the babies together, and transformed them into the single form of Arumuga.

The second charanam of the song references Muruga’s romantic escapades with the tribal girl Valli, and his marriage to Indira’s daughter, Devayanai. The two damsels were daughters of Mahavishnu in a previous birth. Both sisters had done intensive penance to marry Lord Muruga and this pleased him. He promised them that he would show up at an appropriate time and marry them. Details of these stories are provided in Skandapuranam.

ஶ்ரீகந்தபுராணம், முதற் பாகம், ஆறாம் பதிப்பு ஏப்ரல் 1990, பதிப்பாசிரியர் அரு. ராமநாதன், பிரேமா பிரசுரம், 35 ஆற்காடு ரோடு, கோடம்பாக்கம், சென்னை 600024, தொலைபேசி 420325. அத்தியாயம் 25: ஆறு குழந்தைகள் வளர்ந்த கதை, பக்கம்: 121 – 124; அத்தியாயம் 27: ஆறுமுகன் ஓர் உருவமான கதை, பக்கம்: 128 – 130; அத்தியாயம் 35: கந்தனை கணவனாக வரிக்கும் கன்னிகைகள், பக்கம்: 167 – 173; முருகன் தெய்வயானை திருமணம், பக்கம்: 427 – 430; வள்ளி மீது வேலன் காதல், பக்கம்: 430 – 437; வள்ளி திருமணம், பக்கம்: 441 – 447.

kUrudai vElum

கூருடை வேலும்

10 kUrudai vElum.wav

Ragam: Shanmugapriya Talam: Sandha Talam

Pallavi

கூருடை வேலும் சீருடை மயிலும் பேறுடை கடம்பமும்

kUrudai vElum sIrudai mayilum pERudai kadambamum

கூவிடும் சேவலும் மேவிடுங் குன்றமும் ஏவிடும் ஆவலே

kUvidum sEvalum mEvidung kundRamum Evidum AvalE

Anupallavi

மங்கையர் மருவு மார்பும் பங்கஜ மலர் பதமும்

mangaiyar maruvu mArbum pankaja malar padhamum

குங்கும நிற மேனியும் ஒருநிறை திருவே அவனுருவே

kunguma niRa mEniyum oruniRai thiruvE avanuruvE

Charanam

ஈர்த்திடும் முறுவலிதழ் தாங்க காய்ந்த வெண்மதியம்

Irtthidum muRuvalidhazh thAnga kAindha veNmadhiyam

வார்த்திடும் சுடர் ஆறுமுகம் தாங்க பொங்குமருள் விழியொடு

vArtthidum sudar Arumugam thAnga pongumaruL vizhiyodu

வெங்கமர் வென்ற தோளொடு சங்கரி மடியமர் புறமொடு

vengamar vendRa thOLodu sankari madiyamar puRamodu

எங்களிருவினை தீர்ப்பான் அங்கை அனலீசன் திருக்குமரனே

engaLiruvinai thIrppAn angai analIsan thirukkumaranE

Translation

Pallavi

The sharp spear, renowned peacock, blessed Kadamba flowers, crowing rooster, serene residential hills awaken a desire to see Lord Muruga.

Anupallavi

He is a divine blend of a chest used by the two beautiful damsels for romance, feet that are tender as a lotus blossom, and a vermillion-colored body.

Charanam

His lips are the seat of a sweet smile; his six faces sustain the glow of a radiant moon; his eyes swell with compassion; his broad shoulders signal victory in hard-won wars; Muruga’s back rested on the lap of Goddess Parvathi as a child. Lord Siva – who holds a flame in the palm of his left hand, and who removes the darkness from the world– his son will certainly remove our present and past sins.

kodiyidaik kidandhALai

கொடியிடைக் கிடந்தாளை

Ragam: Bhagasri Talam: Adi

Pallavi

கொடியிடைக் கிடந்தாளை கொடியிடையாளை

kodiyidaik kidandhALai kodiyidaiyALai

நொடியிடை கரம் பிடித்த கந்தா

nodiyidai karam pidittha kandhA

Anupallavi

தேவசேனை பதியாய் சென்று அமரினில் வென்று

dhEvasEnai pathiyAy sendRu amarinil vendRu

தேவயானை பதியான தேவாதி தேவா

dhEvayAnai pathiyAna dhEvAdhi dEvA

Charanam

பொய்கை அருகே கடுந்தவம் புரிந்தாரென

poygai arugE kadunthavam purindhArena

பொய்யாது வந்தவரை மணந்தாய் உனையே

poyyAdhu vandhavarai maNandhAy unaiyE

ஓயாது நினைந்து இப்பிறவி போதும் என்று

OyAdhu ninaindhu ippiRavi pOdhum endRu

மாயாது நிற்கும் எனை ஆளவாராயோ ஐயனே

mAyAdhu niRkum enai ALavArAyO aiyanE

Translation

Pallavi

Skanda, in a split second, you picked up the hand of the slender tribal girl Valli. When Valli was a baby she used to lay by the side of a creeper plant by the same name.

Anupallavi

You are the God of Gods, the head of a celestial army who won a tough fight with the demon Soorapadman. As a gift, you wedded Deivayanai, the daughter of Indra, chief of demigods.

Charanam

You married two sisters, Valli and Deivayanai, recognizing that they did serious penance in their previous birth near the divine Saravana pond. Won’t you come now and take me into your fold, this poor soul who is constantly thinking of you and is yet to leave this mortal coil?

Author’s Note

The charanam of this song incorporates the story of Mahavishnu’s daughters, Amritavalli and Sundaravalli, who longed to marry Lord Shanmuga (Muruga) and performed severe penance on the banks of the sacred pond Saravana Poigai. Pleased with their devotion, Lord Muruga blessed them and promised to marry them at an appropriate time.

In their next birth, Amritavalli was raised by Indra, the Lord of the Devas, while her younger sister Sundaravalli was born as the daughter of Sage Sivamuni amidst the valli creeper plants and was brought up by Nambi, the chief of the Veddas (hunters).

Amritavalli, constantly in the company of Indra’s elephant Iravatham, came to be known as Devayanai. The tribal chief, Nambi, named the baby girl Sundaravalli, as she was found lying among the valli creepers (வள்ளி).

The pallavi of the song depicts Muruga’s arrival in the millet field to marry Valli at a destined time. Disguised as a hunter, Muruga performed several mystical acts.

After a brief verbal exchange with Valli, the Lord appeared as an old man and engaged in flirtatious behavior. The old man asked Valli for some food, and she offered him millet flour and mountain honey. Pretending to choke and suffer hiccoughs from the dry flour, he requested water. Valli led him to a nearby waterfall to drink. The moment he quenched his thirst, Muruga grasped her hand and expressed his love. When Valli refused, Muruga meditated upon his elder brother, Ganesha, who appeared in the form of a wild elephant. Terrified by the charging elephant, Valli clung to the old man for protection and, in her fear, agreed to marry him. At that moment, Muruga revealed His true divine form, and the two fell instantly in love.

Nambi rejoiced upon hearing that his daughter had fallen in love with Lord Siva’s son and arranged their marriage. According to the sthalapuranam of the Thiruttani Murugan Temple, Muruga brought Valli from Vallimalai (where she was raised) and married her there. Devotees celebrate this Valli Kalyanam for ten days every year at the temple.

The anupallavi of the song refers to Devayanai’s wedding. After slaying the demon Soorapadman, Muruga arrived at Thirupparankundram, where, with the blessings of His parents and the other celestials, He fulfilled His promise by marrying Devayanai. The divine Lord finally attained peace after his battle with Soorapadman at Thiruttanigai.

More details can be found in Skandapuranam and the links below:

ஶ்ரீகந்த புராணம், முதற் பாகம், ஆறாம் பதிப்பு: ஏப்ரல் 1990, பதிப்பாசிரியர்: அரு. ராமநாதன், பிரேமா பிரசுரம், 35 ஆற்காடுரோடு, கோடம்பாக்கம், சென்னை 600024, கந்தனை கணவனாக வரிக்கும் கன்னிகைகள், பக்கம் 167–173, வள்ளி மீதுவேலன் காதல், பக்கம் 430 – 439; வள்ளி திருமணம், பக்கம் 441–447. தேவசேனாபதிக்கும் தெய்வயானைக்கும் திருமண ஏற்பாடு, பக்கம் 421–426; முருகன் தெய்வயானை திருமணம், பக்கம் 427–430.

Muruga weds Valli and Devayanai

Valli, Muruga’s wedding

reenacted in Thiruttani, Muruga’s abode

Thiruttani Subramanya Swamy Temple Sthalapuranam

kA adiyArai endRu solliyE

கா அடியாரை என்று சொல்லியே

Ragam: Hamsadhwani Talam: Adi

Pallavi

கா அடியாரை என்று சொல்லியே

kA adiyArai endRu solliyE

காவடி எடுத்து வந்தேன் கந்தசாமியே

kAvadi edutthu vandhEn kandhasAmiyE

Anupallavi

வேல் வெற்றி வேல் என்று சொல்லியே

vEl vetRi vEl endRu solliyE

படி மேல் படி ஏறி வந்தேன் பழனிச்சாமியே

padi mEl padi ERi vandhEn pazhanicchAmiyE

Charanam

பாலும் பழமும் பசுந்தயிரும் சந்தனமும்

pAlum pazhamum pasunthayirum chandanamum

நாலும் மேனி பட்டு நிதானமாய் நீராடி

nAlum mEni pattu nidhAnamAy nIRadi

நீறும் பட்டுமாய் நீ ஜொலிச்சு நிற்கையிலே

nIRum pattumAy nI jolicchu niRkaiyilE

தீரும் வினை என்று நானும் நேர்ந்துகிட்டேன்

thIrum vinai endRu nAnum nErndhukittEn

Translation

Pallavi

Skanda, I carried the wood pole all the way to you, with offerings tied on either end of the pole. I prayed the entire way for you to protect your devotees.

Anupallavi

Oh Lord residing in Pazhani, I came chanting “victory to the spear” as I climbed the hills, one step at a time.

Charanam

Muruga, you had a shower of milk, fruit, cow’s milk curd, and sandalwood paste. This was followed by a long, relaxing bath in purified water. Then you stood, dazzling in silk robes and sacred ash smeared on your forehead. I took one look at you and prayed that you remove all my past and present sins.

Author’s Note

The pallavi of this song refers to the process of carrying a Kavadi to Muruga’s hilltop abodes. There is a legend associated with carrying a kavadi. Sage Aghasthiya was asked to proceed south by Siva. The sage, being a staunch devotee of Siva and Parvathi, did not want to leave his worship in the sacred Sivagiri and Sakthigiri hills of Kailash. He decided to move the altar to the South. He assigned the task of carrying the hills to the South to his disciple Idumban, a demon who survived Surapadman‘s war with Lord Muruga. Idumban and his wife Idumbi became devotees of Lord Muruga after the war, and accepted the task.

After a prayer to Siva, Idumban obtained a strong pole or stick which was comparable in strength to Brahmma dhanda. Siva also sent many snakes from all eight directions. Idumban used the snakes as ropes and tied them to both ends of the pole and used the snakes to create the base of a scale. Utilizing the newly constructed kavadi, they hung the two hills on scales and carried them on their shoulders.

When Idumban came close to Thiruavinankudi (a scriptural name for Palani), he felt very tired and put the kavadi down. He noticed a young boy on one of the hills and asked him to leave. The young lad had left his home, fighting with his parents and elder brother about a mango prize he did not win in a contest to go around the world. Yes, that was Muruga who had decided to find a home to reside in. Muruga was in a fighting mood and told Idumban that he would not budge from the hills. Muruga killed Idumban in the war that ensued. Idumbi realized that the young lad must be Muruga and begged him to bring Idumban back to life. Muruga granted her wish and blessed them both. Idumban wanted to stay there as a sentinel to the Palani Hills and begged Muruga to bless any devotee that travels up the hills, carrying a kavadi and making offerings to Muruga. Muruga also granted the couple another boon: anyone praying at Idumban’s shrine halfway up the hills will be treated as having prayed to Muruga himself and will receive the Lord's compassion.

See the following articles for more details:

Muruga leaves Kailash and settles in Pazhani

Idumban and Kavadi Practice

Indumban Temple in Palani & Sthalapuranam

Kavadi practice started with Idumban

kandhA karuNAmruthamE

கந்தா கருணாம்ருதமே

Ragam: Ranjani Talam: Adi

Pallavi

கந்தா கருணாம்ருதமே சிகி வாஹனா

kandhA karuNAmruthamE siki vAhanA

வந்தாள் வரம் தந்தாள் வடிவேலவா

vandhAL varam thandhAL vadivElavA

Anupallavi

கலைகளில் நிலையும் சிவ குருவே சீர்மிகு

kalaigaLil nilaiyum siva guruvE sIrmigu

மலைகளில் உறையும் இறையே

malaigaLil uRaiyum iRaiyE

Charanam

உமயவள் உவந்தே உலகிற்கு ஈந்த குமரா

umayavaL uvandhE ulagiRku Indha kumarA

இமயவர் போற்றிப் பணியும் அமரா

imayavar pOtRip paNiyum amarA

இடியென எழுந்து பகையினைப் பொடிக்கும் வேலா

idiyena ezhundhu pagaiyinaip podikkum vEla

துடித்தே கண்ணீர் வடித்திடும் ஏழையைப் பாராய்

thuditthE kaNNIr vaditthidum Ezhaiyaip pArAy

Translation

Pallavi

You ride upon a majestic peacock, and your mercy is as sweet as nectar. Please come, Lord Vadivela, grant me a boon and provide me with divine refuge.

Anupallavi

You dwell within all the fine arts. You are even the teacher of Lord Siva and enlightened him about the meaning of the primordial syllable Aum. You are the God who resides upon all sacred and renowned hills.

Charanam

Goddess Uma joyfully gifted you, her beloved son, to this world. All the celestials sing your glory as their eternal savior. You rise like a swift thunderbolt and crush all your enemies with your mighty spear. Look at me, a poor soul who trembles and sheds tears.

kandhanE kAnthanE

கந்தனே காந்தனே

Pallavi

கந்தனே காந்தனே கமலன் மருகனே

kandhanE kAnthanE kamalan maruganE

கருணைக் கடவுளே காட்சி தருவாய்

karuNaik kadavuLE kAtchi tharuvAy

Anupallavi

கதிர் காமனே கயிலையன் குமரனே

kadhir kAmanE kayilaiyan kumaranE

கடம்பனே கரமலரதனை அருள்வாய்

kadambanE karamalaradhanai aruLvAy

Charanam

கலையாத கல்வியும் கவின் மிகு

kalaiyAdha kalviyum kavin migu

கலைகளும் கனிவானக் கவித்துவமும்

kalaigaLum kanivAnak kavitthuvamum

கனவிலும் நினை மறவா கற்பனையும்

kanavilum ninai maRavA kaRpanaiyum

கலியிடைக் கருகா நிலையும் கடாக்ஷிப்பாய்

kaliyidaik karugA nilaiyum katAkshippAy

Translation

Pallavi

Handsome and radiant nephew of Vishnu, you are a compassionate Lord. Please reveal your divine presence to me.

Anupallavi

You are the Lord of Love who dwells in Kadhirkamam, Sri Lanka. You are the son of Sankara, the Supreme God of Mount Kailash. You adorn yourself with the beautiful kadamba flower. Please extend your lotus hands to me.

Charanam

Grant us indestructible knowledge, exquisite artistic talent, poetic grace, and a fertile imagination—so that we may never forget you, even in our dreams. Bless us with joy and a state of being where even the flames of Kaliyuga cannot harm us.

Author’s Note

The word “kantan” in the pallavi refers to an attractive or charming person—here, it describes Lord Muruga, who draws his devotees to him like a magnet, as well as his consorts, Valli and Devayanai.

“Kadhirkaman” in the anupallavi refers to Lord Muruga of the Kadhirkama Temple in Sri Lanka. Lord Muruga at this shrine is glorified by Arunagirinathar in the Thiruppugazh.

For details of the Thiruppugazh verses describing Muruga’s abode in Kadhirkamam, see the following link:

Kadhirkamam, the abode of Skanda

Arunagirinathar also talks about Murugan wearing the kadamba flower in Thiruppugazh. See the reference below:

திருப்புகழ் விரிவுரை, திருப்பரங்குன்றம், திருச்செந்தூர் (முதற் படைவீடும், இரண்டாம் படைவீடும்) உரையாசிரியர் திருமுருக கிருபானந்தவாரியார் அவர்கள், வானதி பதிப்பகம், நான்காம் பதிப்பு டிசம்பர் 1996, பக்கங்கள் 534-6.

bhakthiyil kanindhu

பக்தியில் கனிந்து

09 bhakthiyil kanindhu.wav

Ragam: Jaunpuri

Pallavi

பக்தியில் கனிந்து சக்தியெல்லாம் இணைந்து

bhakthiyil kanindhu sakthiyellAm iNaindhu

முக்திபெற முனைந்து நின்றேன் முருகய்யா

mukthipeRa munaindhu nindREn murugayyA

Anupallavi

சித்தினை அசித்துடன் சேர்த்திட்ட சிவபாலா

chitthinai achitthudan sErtthitta sivabAlA

எத்தனை முறையுனை அழைத்தேனோ தவசீலா

etthanai muRaiyunai azhaitthEnO dhavasIlA

Charanam

நித்தமும் பித்தனாய் உன் நினைவில் உறைந்திடவோ

nitthamum pitthanAy un ninaivil uRaindhidavO

மெத்தவே நீலமயில் பீலியாய் நிதம் இலங்கிடவோ

metthavE nIlamayil pIliyAy nidham ilangidavO

அத்தனே நீயுறையும் குன்றதனில் ஒன்றிடவோ

atthanE nIyuRaiyum kundRadhanil ondRidavO

வித்தனே விரைந்தோடி வந்தெனை ஆட்கொள்வதெப்பவோ

vitthanE viraindhOdi vandhenai AtkoLvadheppavO

Translation

Pallavi

I am anxiously waiting to achieve salvation with all my energies focused in deep devotion to you, Lord Muruga.

Anupallavi

You have combined the autonomous and voluntary entities so skillfully. How many times have I entreated you Lord Muruga, beloved younger son of Lord Siva?

Charanam

Should I live like a lunatic, immersed only in thoughts of you?

Should I shine like a soft blue peacock feather?

Should I become a rock on one of the hills where you dwell?

Skilled Skanda, when is an opportune moment for you to hurry and offer me deliverance?

saravaNa bhava guhanE

சரவண பவ குஹனே

Pallavi

சரவண பவ குஹனே சண்முகனே

saravaNa bhava guhanE saNmuganE

சங்கரி மைந்தனே சடாக்ஷரனே

sangkari maindhanE satAksharanE

Anupallavi

ஏறுமயில் ஏறிடும் ஆறுமுகனே பெரும்

ERumayil ERidum ARumuganE perum

பேறு தரும் செந்தில் சிங்கார வேலனே

pERu tharum sendhil singAra vElanE

Charanam

உனை நினைந்துருகாத உள்ளமும்

unai ninaindhurugAdha uLLamum

உலகினில் உண்டோ இலையென்பது உண்மையன்றோ

ulaginil uNdO ilaiyenbadhu uNmaiyandRO

தஞ்சமென்ற என் நெஞ்சினில் வந்திடு

thanjamendRa en nenjinil vandhidu

அஞ்சேல் என்றே அருள் தந்திடு

anjEl endRE aruL thandhidu

Translation

Pallavi

Lord Saravanabhava, you possess six faces and are known as Sanmugan. You are also known as Guha and you live in the hearts of your devotees. You are the son of Goddess Parvathi and reside in the six syllables Sa Ra Va Na Ba vA.

Anupallavi

Lord Arumuga, you are mounted on a beautiful peacock. Oh, handsome Lord Muruga of Thiruchendur, you offer abundant blessings to your devotees.

Charanam

Is there a heart in this world that does not soften when thinking about you? I am seeking refuge at your feet. Please come and dwell in my heart and offer me your grace with assuring words of protection.

Author’s Note

This song was written for the Bharatanatyam dancer, Smt. Subhashini Srinath of Fremont, CA to teach to her young students. "Guhai" translates to "cave" in Tamil. The deity Muruga is known as "Guha" because it is believed he lives in the hearts of his devotees, as though in a cave. The name Saravanabava reveals the origin of Lord Muruga. Agni carried Siva’s sparks and deposited them in the Ganges River near a cluster of reeds or a bamboo bush. The name is a combination of three Sanskrit words, Sara (reed or dharba), vana (forest), and uthbhava (born of). This cluster of reeds lived in the mythical pond called Saravana Poigai in Tamil. The anupallavi phrase “ஏறுமயில் ஏறிடும்" refers to Muruga mounted on a male peacock or his war vehicle (as ஏறுமயில் has multiple meanings).

vanjiyarE vanjiyarE vArunga

வஞ்சியரே வஞ்சியரே வாருங்க

Ragam: Anandha Bhairavi Talam: Eka Thisra Nadai

Pallavi

வஞ்சியரே வஞ்சியரே வாருங்க வந்து

vanjiyarE vanjiyarE vArunga vandhu

கொஞ்சம் வேலின் மஹிமை பாருங்க நிந்து

konjam vElin mahimai pArunga nindhu

Anupallavi

நெஞ்சில் குத்திய முள் ஒன்று வேல் முன்னே

nenjil kutthiya muL ondRu vEl munnE

பஞ்சில் பசுமிதழ் விழுந்தாற்போல் தோணுதுங்க

panjil pasumidhazh vizhundhARpOl thONudhunga

Charanam

வல் வினைகள் விரைந்தே ஓடுதம்மா

val vinaigaL viraindhE OdudhammA

தொல் வினைகள் யாவும் தேயுதம்மா

thol vinaigaL yAvum thEyudhammA

சோகமான நினைவெலாம் பழங்கதை ஆனதம்மா

sOgamAna ninaivelAm pazhangkadhai AnadhammA

ஆனந்த நதிகளெல்லாம் ஆர்வமாய்ப் பாயுதம்மா

Anandha nadhigaLellAm ArvamAyp pAyudhammA

Translation

Pallavi

Ladies, ladies, please come and stand here for a moment. Take a brief look at the greatness of this spear.

Anupallavi

Even a heart-piercing thorn feels like a soft petal falling on cotton before this spear.

Charanam

Mighty sins flee with unbelievable speed, and all past misdeeds seem to recede and vanish before its power. The sorrowful thoughts of yesterday have turned into nothing more than forgotten folklore, and rivers of joy now flow with excitement everywhere.

sandhanak kAppilE

சந்தனக் காப்பிலே

Pallavi

சந்தனக் காப்பிலே சோபையாய் மின்னிடும்

sandhanak kAppilE sObaiyAy minnidum

செந்தணலேந்திடும் சங்கரன் மைந்தனே

senthaNalEndhidum sangkaran maindhanE

Anupallavi

பஞ்சாமிர்தத்தில் குளித்து பால்நீறு துலங்க

panjchAmirdhatthil kuLitthu pAlnIRu thulanga

நெஞ்சக் குளிர்ச்சி தரும் குகப்பெருமானே

nenjak kuLircchi tharum guhapperumAnE

Charanam

குங்கும நிற மேனியிலே ஒளிரும் மாலையும்

kunguma niRa mEniyilE oLirum mAlaiyum

அங்கமதிலே மின்னும் பட்டாடையும் அருகினில்

angamadhilE minnum pattAdaiyum aruginil

நங்கையர் சூழவே நின்ற தோற்றமும் கண்டிடில்

nangaiyar sUzhavE nindRa thOtRamum kaNdidil

காங்கேயா விழிகளில் காதல் வர்ஷனை பெருகுதே

gAngEyA vizhigaLil kAdhal varshanai perugudhE

Translation

Pallavi

You are the son of Sankara, who holds a glowing flame in the palm of his hand. Lord Muruga, you are dazzling, decorated with sandalwood paste.

Anupallavi

Lord Guha (Muruga), you bathed in nectar prepared from a mixture of milk, honey, ghee, jaggery, and banana. You applied pure white sacred ash on your body. Your divine appearance cools the heart of your devotees.

Charanam

Lord Gangeya, you look lovely with a shiny garland against your vermilion complexion, a bright silk robe on your body, and beautiful damsels surrounding you. A shower of love is overflowing in the devotee’s eyes.

kummiyadi peNNE

கும்மியடி பெண்ணே

Pallavi

கும்மியடி பெண்ணே கும்மாளமாய்க் கும்மியடி

kummiyadi peNNE kummALamAyk kummiyadi

ஆதவன் நிகரானை மாதவன் மருகனை மையலில் கண்டோமென

Adhavan nigarAnai mAdhavan maruganai maiyalil kaNdOmena

Anupallavi

தினைப்புனத்தே தேடிப்பிடித்த தையலாளொடு

thinaippunatthE thEdippidittha thaiyalALodu

சுனையருகே மானையொத்த ஆனை வளர்ப்போடப் பார்த்தோமென

sunaiyarugE mAnaiyottha Anai vaLarppOdap pArtthOmena

Charanam

காதலில் கிறங்கி நின்றாலும் அன்பரை

kAdhalil kiRangi nindRAlum anbarai

மறவாதவன் அந்த கந்தனடி சிந்தை மயங்கி

maRavAdhavan andha kandhanadi sindhai mayangi

சிற்றிடையாரொடு அலைந்தாலும் எந்தையைப் போல்

sitRidaiyArodu alaindhAlum endhaiyaip pOl

பற்றுடனே வந்து பாதுகாத்திடுவான் அந்த பரமசிவன் பிள்ளையென

patRudanE vandhu pAdhukAtthiduvAn andha paramasivan piLLaiyena

Translation

Pallavi

Girls dance, exuberantly clapping in rhythm. Sing & dance to celebrate that you saw Lord Vishnu’s nephew, Muruga, who is as handsome as the sun, fall in love.

Anupallavi

We witnessed him with the damsel that he discovered near the millet field. We also saw him with another woman, cute as a deer, who was raised by the elephant near the Saravana pond. Dance, clapping in rhythm, to share that you caught him falling in love.

Charanam

Kandhan will never forget his devotees even when he is deeply immersed in love. He will still be like a father to his devotees, despite Parameswaran's son (Kandhan) getting distracted by his infatuation. He will arrive with compassion on the scene at the right time and protect his devotees. Girls dance, clapping in rhythm and singing exuberantly.

umaiyoru pangan endRu

உமையொரு பங்கன் என்று

umai oru pangan.mp3

Ragam: Bhairavi Talam: Adi

Pallavi

உமையொரு பங்கன் என்று ஊரெங்கும் பேசிட

umaiyoru pangan endRu Urengum pEsida

தந்தையின் முதுகிலே தழும்பென்ன மாயமம்மா

thandhaiyin mudhugilE thazhumbenna mAyamammA

Anupallavi

அடித்தது யாரென்று அறிந்திலையோ உடனுறைந்தே

aditthadhu yArendRu aRindhilaiyO udanuRaindhE

தடுத்திலையோ சக்தியை ஓர் கணம் இழந்தனையோ

thadutthilaiyO sakthiyai Or kaNam izhandhanaiyO

Charanam

பிட்டுக்கு ஆசை கொண்டே ஐயன் பட்ட துயர் அறிந்தேன்

pittukku Asai koNdE aiyan patta thuyar aRindhEn

அடியார்க்கு மண் சுமந்தாரைப் படியார் என்றெண்ணி

adiyArkku maN sumandhAraip padiyAr endReNNi

தடியால் அடித்ததுவும் தகுமோ மன்னுயிர் நேசர்க்கு

thadiyAl aditthadhuvum thagumO mannuyir nEsarkku

மறுதரம் மாசு நேரிடின் உடனுரைத்திடுவாய் உலகநாயகியே

maRudharam mAsu nEridin udanuraitthiduvAy ulaganAyakiyE

Translation

Pallavi

Oh mother, the whole world is talking about father sharing a part of his body with you. Yet I see a scar on his back. How did this magical bruise happen?

Anupallavi

Did you not know who the offender was? Mother, since you dwell within Him, why didn’t you try to stop him from being hit? Oh Parasakthi, did you momentarily lose your strength and energy?

Charanam

I learnt of the suffering my father went through because of his love for pudding. Is it justified to strike him with a pole without properly inquiring? In fact, my father was simply helping an elderly devotee and doing manual labor on her behalf. Protector of the universe, if this kind of offense or wrongdoing happens again to my father, let me know right away.

Author’s Note

This song was written for a dance performance by my daughter, Priti (née) Radhakrishnan, as a fundraiser for the Siva Murugan Temple in Concord, CA. Her Guru, Smt. Mythili Kumar, trained her for this program with original choreography for this song and another “Veedu vittu Odippona vadivelare”. This song, “Umaiyoru pangan”, is based on Thiruvilaiyadal puranam, where Lord Siva had performed magical acts on behalf of the devotees in Madurai. This is a piece written from the poet’s imagination, from the perspective of young Muruga. When he saw a scar on his father’s back and learnt the background story, he was furious and demanded to know why his mother did not stop this. Muruga sarcastically chastises his mother, Parvathi, that following this incident, the protector of the universe should let him handle it if any such incidents occur in his father’s life.

Once there was heavy flooding in the Vaigai river and the ruling King, Arimarddhana Pandiyan, mandated that each family should send an able body to help with the creation of a dam, to mitigate the damage from the flood. There was an old lady named Vandhi who used to cook and serve pittu (a sweet dry pudding) to earn a living. She was all alone and had no family to send as an able body.

She prayed to Lord Siva to help. Siva descended on earth as a handyman with a spade and a spear and agreed to assist the old lady in exchange for her pittu. After a few hours of working as a handyman, Siva pretended to relax under a tree. The king’s guards found him in that position, loitering. The king rushed to the site and lashed Siva for his arrogant behavior. The scar from the lashes showed up on the backs of all of the world’s creatures. The king realized the worker was none other than Lord Siva. He kneeled and begged for his pardon with tears running down his cheeks. Siva blessed him, while mounted on his bullock with Parvathi seated next to him. For details of the entire episode, see:

கூடல் மாநகரத்து ஆடவல்லான் (திருவிளையாடற் புராண மகிமை), நாகர்கோவில் கிருஷ்ணன், முதற் பதிப்பு 2003, Published by Mathi Nilayam. #4 (39) Thanikachalam Road, Brindavan Apartments, T.Nagar, Chennai 600017, Ph: 4311838, Chapter 61. மண் சுமந்த படலம், பக்கம்: 456 – 467.

Celebration of Siva’s act of compassion

Pittukku maN Sumandha Piran

vEdarkula vanjiyai

வேடர்குல வஞ்சியை

Pallavi

வேடர்குல வஞ்சியை வேட்டையாடவெனும்

vEdarkula vanjiyai vEttaiyAdavenum

வேட்கையில் வில்லொடு வந்த வேடதாரியே

vEtkaiyil villodu vandha vEdadhAriyE

Anupallavi

விண்ணவர் வியந்தே வணங்கிடும் வேந்தே

viNNavar viyandhE vaNangidum vEndhE

விண்டவர்க்கும் வீடருளும் விமலனே

viNdavarkkum vIdaruLum vimalanE

Charanam

வாணுதற் வதன வடிவை வம்புக்கிழுத்தாய்

vANudhaR vadhana vadivai vambukkizhutthAy

விரகத்தில் வெந்தாய் வேங்கையாய் வளர்ந்தாய்

viragatthil vendhAy vEngaiyAy vaLarndhAy

விக்கலொடு விளையாடி வள்ளிமேல் விழுந்தாய்

vikkalodu viLaiyAdi vaLLimEl vizhundhAy

வேழமுகனை விளித்தாய் வேல் விழியாள் வதுவானாள்

vEzhamuganai viLitthAy vEl vizhiyAL vadhuvAnAL

விழியருளால் வையமெலாம் வளமாய் வாழ

vizhiyaruLAl vaiyamelAm vaLamAy vAzha

வீணாவாதினியிலுனை வேண்டினேன் வேலவா

vINAvAdhiniyilunai vENdinEn vElavA

Translation

Pallavi

You came disguised with a bow in your hand, and a deep desire to hunt the tribal woman Valli.

Anupallavi

The celestials all worship you, awestruck. You offer refuge to those who have renounced everything and who portray your divinity to the unenlightened.

Charanam

You drew that beautiful woman, with an eyebrow shaped like a sword, into an unnecessary verbal conflict. You stood there yearning for her love. When her father and guards showed up, you became a tall neem tree. You pretended to have the hiccups and stumbled on top of Valli. When she refused your proposal, you called your elephant-faced brother Ganesha for help. In an instant, the pretty damsel with spear-shaped eyes fell for you. In time, she became your spouse. Oh Lord Velava, I sang in the raga Veenavadhini seeking blessings from you for the prosperity of the entire world.

Author’s Note

The anupallavi of this song contains an intended pun on the word வீடு (vIdu).The traditional usage refers to a house and in the spiritual context the word refers to salvation, or moksha. This song tracks Muruga’s love life and how he pursued Valli. In her previous birth, Valli was Mahavishnu’s daughter and did her penance by the Saravana pond to attain Muruga. Details of Murugan’s different disguises in the millet field by the hill, and the playful dramas he enacted to marry Valli, can be found in:

ஶ்ரீகந்த புராணம், முதற் பாகம், ஆறாம் பதிப்பு: ஏப்ரல் 1990, பதிப்பாசிரியர்: அரு. ராமநாதன், பிரேமா பிரசுரம், 35 ஆற்காடுரோடு, கோடம்பாக்கம், சென்னை 600024, கந்தனை கணவனாக வரிக்கும் கன்னிகைகள், பக்கம் 167 – 173, வள்ளி மீதுவேலன் காதல், பக்கம் 430 – 439; வள்ளி திருமணம், பக்கம் 441 – 447.

This song is based on the charanam of a Thillana that I wrote for Smt. Asha Ramesh. The alliterative repetition of the first letter or மோனை in each word of the song reflects Velavan’s vetkai (deep love) toward Valli.

vIdu vittu OdippOna vadivElarE

வீடு விட்டு ஓடிப்போன வடிவேலரே

Vidu vittu Odi pOna vadivElarE.mp3

Ragam: Kuntalavarali Talam: Adi

Pallavi

வீடு விட்டு ஓடிப்போன வடிவேலரே நீ படும்

vIdu vittu OdippOna vadivElarE nI padum

பாடு பற்றி பாடுதையா இந்த நாடே (ஓ முருகய்யே)

pAdu patRi pAdudhaiyA indha nAdE (O MurugayyE)

Anupallavi

கால் ஆடையும் கைத்தடியும் பால் நீறும் பூண்டே

kAl Adaiyum kaitthadiyum pAl nIRum pUNdE

மால் மருகா மலையுச்சியில் நின்றிடவே வேகமாக

mAl marugA malaiyucchiyil nindRidavE vEgamAga

Charanam

கனி ஒன்றுக்காக முனி செய்த சதியாலே சினம் கொண்டே

kani ondRukkAga muni seydha sadhiyAlE sinam koNdE

நீல மயில் மீதேறி ஞாலவலம் வந்த போதும்

nIla mayil mIdhERi nyAlavalam vandha pOdhum

இடும்பனின் காவடியில் அடங்கிப்போன கடம்பசாமி இறுதியாக

idumbanin kAvadiyil adangippOna kadambasAmi iRudhiyAga

அம்மையப்பன் வீட்டில் தானே செம்மையாகச் சென்றமர்ந்தாய்

ammaiyappan vIttil thAnE semmaiyAgach chendRamarndhAy

எம்மையாளும் ஈசனின்றி ஓரணுவும் அசையாதென்னும்

emmaiyALum IsanindRi OraNuvum asaiyAdhennum

ஊரறிந்த உண்மையை நீ மறந்ததென்னே

UraRindha uNmaiyai nI maRandhadhennE

Translation

Pallavi

Oh Muruga, You ran away from home. The whole country is talking about the tribulations you are facing.

Anupallavi

Look at your appearance with scant clothing on your body, a stick in your hand and sacred ash on your forehead. Oh nephew of Vishnu, you left in such a hurry to find a place on a mere hill top.

Charanam

You became furious at the evil plot of Sage Narada and succumbed to the fruit which you were hoping to win as a contest prize. You climbed at once on your blue peacock and went around the world. Kadamba flower wearing Lord Muruga, you calmed down with the devotion of the demon Idumban carrying a Kavadi of the two hills on his shoulders. Finally, you settled down comfortably on the twin peaks of Kailash, your father’s abode. It is all preordained. Not even a miniscule size atom will budge without the ordain from your father, Lord Siva. The entire world knows this eternal truth. Did you forget this maxim?

Author’s Note

This song was specially composed for the author’s daughter, Priti Radhakrishnan, on the occasion of a Bharatanatyam recital. This recital was a fundraiser for the Siva Murugan Temple in Concord, California. Under the expert guidance of her Guru, Smt. Mythili Kumar, Priti performed this piece along with another song entitled “Umaiyoru Pangan Endru”.

Rooted in classical mythology, the song narrates the well-known tale of the contest between Lord Muruga and his brother, Lord Ganesha, where they both sought the prized fruit. When Sage Narada presented a sacred fruit to Lord Shiva and Parvati, their sons were told that whoever circles the world fastest shall receive the fruit. Muruga set off on his peacock to circumnavigate the globe, but Ganesha simply walked around his parents, declaring that they represented his entire world. He won the fruit.

Upon returning and discovering the outcome, Muruga became disheartened and, in his frustration, departed from his celestial home, eventually reaching the sacred hills of Palani.

Lines 3 and 4 of the charanam of the song refers to the Kavadi tradition and the touching story of Idumban, whose unwavering devotion impressed Muruga. The irony noted by the poet lies in Muruga ultimately choosing to dwell in Sivagiri and Sakthigiri, the very hills symbolically tied to his parents’ home on Mount Kailash.

Legend of the Kavadi:

There is a legend associated with the ritual of carrying a Kavadi. Lord Siva once instructed Sage Agasthiya to proceed southward. The sage, being a devout worshipper of Siva and Parvathi, was reluctant to leave the sacred Sivagiri and Sakthigiri hills in Kailash. To continue his worship in the south, he decided to move the divine hills there. The poet sarcastically notes that Muruga would ultimately settle down in the home of his parents, as it was preordained by the Supreme Siva.

Agasthiya assigned this task of carrying the two Kailash hills to his disciple Idumban, a demon who had survived the war between Lord Muruga and Surapadman. Idumban and his wife Idumbi, having become devotees of Muruga after the war, gladly accepted the mission. After praying to Lord Siva, Idumban obtained a powerful staff, rumored to be as strong as the Brahma Danda. Siva also provided serpents from eight directions, which Idumban used as ropes to tie the two hills to either end of his staff, creating a balance-like structure: the Kavadi. With this, they carried the hills on their shoulders.

When Idumban reached Thiru Avinankudi (the scriptural name for Palani), he became exhausted and set the Kavadi down. There, he encountered a young boy sitting on one of the hills. He asked the boy to leave, unaware that this was Muruga himself, who had recently left home after a dispute with his parents and elder brother over a prized fruit.

Still angered by the outcome of the contest, Muruga refused to leave. A battle ensued in which Muruga killed Idumban. Recognizing the boy as Lord Muruga, Idumbi implored him to restore Idumban’s life. Moved by her devotion, Muruga revived Idumban and blessed them both.

Idumban asked to remain as the eternal guardian of the Palani Hills. He requested that any devotee in the future who climbs the hills carrying a Kavadi, with offerings and worship items for Muruga, be granted eternal joy and prosperity. Muruga granted this wish and gave them another boon: anyone who prays at the Idumban shrine, located halfway up the hills, will be considered as having worshipped Muruga himself and will receive His full grace and compassion.

The details of Muruga residing in Siva Giri and Sakthi Giri can be found in the sthalapuranam of the temple based on the famous composition by Balasubramania Kavirayar in the year 1628AD, which contains 987 verses and 23 chapters.

பழநித் தல வரலாறு, அருள்மிகு தண்டாயுதபாணி சுவாமி திருக்கோயில், பழனி – 624601, திண்டுக்கல் மாவட்டம், பதிப்பாசிரியர்: முனைவர் இரத்தின. கிருட்டிணமூர்த்தி, திருத்திய பன்னிரண்டாம் பதிப்பு, ஜனவரி 2005, பக்கங்கள்: 3, 25, 35 – 38, 45 – 46, 48 – 50, 52 – 55.

Reference to Kavirayar’s composition and other historic and archaeological details of Pazhani can be found at the following site.

Historic and Archaelogical Facts about Pazhani

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